Measurement

Solar Flares

Solar Flares is a dedicated GeoLira view for this part of the observatory. It combines the route-specific interface with the same source, freshness, privacy and evidence boundaries used across the platform.

Foundation

Solar Flares is a dedicated GeoLira view for this part of the observatory. It combines the route-specific interface with the same source, freshness, privacy and evidence boundaries used across the platform.

A, B, C, M and X classes describe X-ray flux

GOES flare classes are based on peak solar X-ray flux in a defined band. Successive letters represent higher orders of magnitude and the number within the class refines the level. X-ray flux is a physical measurement in W/m2, while the flare class is an interpretation of that measurement.

Radio blackout R is different from G and S storms

The NOAA R scale relates X-ray output to ionospheric radio blackouts on the sunlit side of Earth. It does not directly describe S-scale proton flux or G-scale geomagnetic disturbance. GeoLira filters source-warning GOES X-ray samples so contaminated or artificial zero values do not distort current status and history.

Flare, CME and SEP are related but distinct

A flare is electromagnetic emission, a CME is ejected plasma and magnetic field, and SEP are high-energy particles. They can occur together, but the relationship is not one-to-one. X-ray class alone cannot determine the later geomagnetic-storm strength or an individual's radiation exposure.